Respiratory tract infections are very common illnesses that affect the airways and lungs. The respiratory tract includes the nose, throat, voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), and lungs. Bacteria and viruses are two of the most common causes of respiratory infections. While most respiratory infections are mild and resolve on their own without treatment, some may require medication. This article discusses some of the most common respiratory tract infections and their typical treatment approaches.

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Infections that occur in the sinuses, ears, throat, and voice box are considered upper
Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment Some of the more common types include:

Common Cold - Caused by Rhinovirus, the common cold is the most frequent respiratory infection. Symptoms include runny nose, sore throat, cough, sneezing, and congestion. Treatment focuses on relief of symptoms through over-the-counter medicines. Decongestants, antihistamines, and cough suppressants can help reduce congestion, runny nose, and coughing. Plenty of rest, fluids, and humidified air also aid recovery.

Sinusitis - When sinuses become inflamed or infected, usually due to a viral cold or allergies, it is known as sinusitis. Symptoms include facial pain, headaches, toothaches, and nasal discharge. Mild cases may clear up on their own, but antibiotic treatment may help if symptoms persist beyond 10 days or worsen. Decongestants can also provide relief.

Pharyngitis - Also known as a sore throat, pharyngitis can result from viruses or bacteria like Streptococcus. Symptoms include throat pain, fever, and difficulty swallowing. Most cases are viral and will improve within a week without treatment. But a strep test may be done to confirm strep throat, which is then typically treated with antibiotics to prevent complications. Pain relievers can ease discomfort.

Tonsillitis - Swollen or infected tonsils cause tonsillitis, usually from a viral or bacterial cause. Signs include sore throat, fever, white spots on tonsils, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms with pain relievers and antibiotics if caused by bacteria.

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